; various UNIX projects written in assembly language
; of course all of them feature extremely small size
; if you're looking for source code and examples, here they are

name	short description	platform	OS	assembler
asmutils	miscellaneous utilities, small libc	IA32	Linux, *BSD (Unixware, Solaris, AtheOS, BeOS)	nasm
e3editor	WordStar-like text editor	IA32	Linux, *BSD, AtheOS, BeOS, Win32	nasm
ec64	Commodore C64 emulator	IA32	Linux	nasm
lib4th	Forth kernel implemented as shared library	IA32	Linux	nasm
Tiny Programs	tiny Linux executables	IA32	Linux	nasm
ta	traffic accounting daemon	IA32	Linux	nasm
dream	R4RS compliant Scheme interpreter	IA32, PPC	Unix	gas
H3sm	3-stack Forth-like language (and other stuff from Rick Hohensee)	IA32	Linux	gas
F4	x86 Linux fig-Forth	IA32	Linux	gas
eforth	eforth converted to nasm/asmutils	IA32	Linux	nasm
eforth	original Linux eforth	IA32	Linux	gas
ASMIX	several command-line utilities	IA32, PPC, SPARC, PDP11	Linux, FreeBSD, LynxOS, Solaris, Unixware, SunOS	gas
Bizarre Source, Corp	several system utilities	IA32	Linux	gas
VMW Assembly tricks	linux_logo and other ASCII tricks in assembly	IA32, IA64, Alpha, PPC, SPARC, S390	Linux	gas
acid	small textmode intro	IA32, ARM	Linux	nasm, gas
asm-toys	few utilities	IA32	Linux	gas
smallutils	few small utils in assembly and C	IA32, SPARC	Linux	gas

There are quite a lot of mixed C-assembly projects, like GNU MP library, ATLAS/BLAS, OpenGUI just to name a few. Also see source code of your kernel and libc. All this will provide you examples of assembly programming on different hardware platforms.

; Various documents on the topic
; Some of them are must-reads

• Linux Assembly HOWTO
• List of Linux/i386 system calls, and this one. Linux Kernel Internals provides useful information too,
  in particular read the How System Calls Are Implemented on i386 Architecture? chapter.
Using the GNU Assembler ( gas manual )

; CPU manuals and assembly programming guides

; Executable formats

Kickers of ELF Programmer's File Format Collection

; Books

• PC Assembly Language
  by Paul Carter. 32bit protected mode programming, Windows and Linux (NASM).
• Programming from the Ground Up
  by Jonathan Bartlett. Introduction to programming based on Linux and assembly language (GAS).
Professional Assembly Language
by Richard Blum. ISBN: 0-7645-7901-0, 576 pages, 2005
• Assembler for DOS, Windows and UNIX
  by Sergey Zubkov. ISBN 5-89818-019-2, 637 pages, 1999. In Russian language.
• Inner Loops : A Sourcebook for Fast 32-Bit Software Design
  by Rick Booth. ISBN: 0201479605, 364 pages, 1997; Addison-Wesley Pub Co
• Linux Assembly Language Programming
  by Bob Neveln. ISBN: 0130879401, 350 pages, 2000; Prentice Hall Computer Books
• Linux Assembly
  by Peter Berends. x86 assembly programming in Linux environment. In Dutch language.
• Introduction to RISC Assembly Language Programming
  by John Waldron. ISBN: 0201398281
• Modern Assembly Language Programming with the ARM Processor
  by Larry D. Pyeatt. ISBN: 9780128036983

; Articles

• Startup state of a Linux/i386 ELF binary
• Self-modifying code under Linux
• Using the framebuffer device under Linux
• Using the audio device under Linux
• Using the raw keyboard mode under Linux
• Using Mode X via direct VGA access under Linux
• Using virtual terminals under Linux

; If you're new to UNIX assembly programming, start from here

• Introduction to UNIX assembly programming ( nasm; Linux, *BSD, BeOS )
• Using Assembly Language in Linux ( AT&T and Intel syntax, gcc inline assembly )
• Writing A Useful Program With NASM ( nasm )
• Linux Assembly Tutorial - Step-by-Step Guide ( nasm )
• FreeBSD Assembly Programming tutorial ( nasm )
• Inline assembly for x86 in Linux ( gas and gcc inline assembly )
• Brennan's Guide to Inline Assembly ( gcc inline assembly )
• Introduction to GCC Inline Asm ( gcc inline assembly )
• Assembler and X-Windows-Programming ( gas, gcc )
• A Whirlwind Tutorial on Creating Really Teensy ELF Executables for Linux

; Links to somehow related projects

; tools

NASM	x86 assembler with Intel syntax
FASM	another x86 assembler with Intel syntax
ALD	Assembly Language Debugger
BASTARD	Bastard Disassembly Environment
DUDE	Despotic Unix Debugging Engine
BIEW	console hex viewer/editor with built-in disassembler
HTE	viewer/editor/analyzer for text, binary, and executable files
OTCCELF	tiny C compiler, generates a dynamically linked ELF file
UPX	Ultimate Packer for eXecutables
Intel2gas	converter between AT&T and Intel assembler syntax
A2I	converter from AT&T to Intel assembler syntax
TA2AS	converter from TASM to AT&T assembler syntax
binutils	as they are: gas, ld, ar, etc

; sites

Jan's Linux & Assembler page	various source code examples
H-Peter Recktenwald's page	"The Int80h page"
Karsten Scheibler's page	"Unused Inode"
G. Adam Stanislav's page	FreeBSD related material
Bruce Ediger's page	SPARC assembly related material
Assembly Programming Journal
Phrack Magazine
intel-assembler.it	Numerous Intel assembly programming resources for mostly DOS and Windows.

; discussion forums

FASM Linux/Unix forums

(english)